Dry Eye (KCS)
This condition commonly referred to as ‘dry eye' [the medical term for which is keratoconjunctivitis sicca or KCS] is usually caused by your dog's own immune system destroying the lacrimal [tear producing] gland, although a variety of other possible causes exist, such as nerve damage or reactions to certain drugs.
The symptoms of a dry eye usually start with conjunctivitis, which you'll notice eyes looking red and puffy. This is usually accompanied by pain and dogs will often squint and paw at their eye(s). This is followed by a thick, sticky discharge, often yellow or green in colour. The cornea [the clear/glassy front part of the eye] then starts to look very dull and can even start to be invaded by blood vessels and pigment. If left untreated it is very painful and will eventually lead to blindness. Luckily the condition is manageable with lifelong topical eye medication.
Certain breeds of dogs are know to be predisposed to developing KCS and we see it more commonly in the following breeds: West Highland White Terriers, Yorkshire terriers, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Cocker Spaniels, Lhaso Apsos, Shih Tzus, Miniature Poodles, Shnauzers and Bulldogs. Though any breed of dog can develop the condition.
The diagnosis of KCS is relatively straightforward. A simple measurement of tear production call a Schirmer Tear Test is done on a conscious animal and takes approximately 5 minutes.
Early detection is key to providing comfort and minimising irreversible damage.
If you would like further information or to book your dog in for a Schirmer test please contact one of our practices.
